Top 50 AWS Architect Interview Questions

10-Sep-2022

The way businesses and organizations operate has undergone a tremendous transformation in the modern world. As the world slowly and steadily moves toward digital, cloud and cloud computing platforms and their development has become key factor in digital expansion. As a result of the fact that the majority of firms now uses or plan to employ cloud computing for many of their operations, demand for cloud specialists has skyrocketed.

It is an ideal career option. Acquiring training and certification will open up amazing job opportunities and especially focus on a particular cloud computing platform like AWS. The following top AWS architect Interview questions and answers are designed for aspiring candidates who are ready to the business landscape to another level. 

 In the spirit of accomplishing an AWS Architect Interview, here are some AWS interview questions and answers that will help you with the interview process. This page addresses a variety of AWS-related queries, from elementary to sophisticated, as well as scenario-based queries.

AWS Architect Interview Questions and Answers at Basic Level

1. What are the three primary categories of cloud services and the AWS products that are based on them? Explain.

Cloud services are characterized into three primary categories: 

• Computing
• Storage
• Networking

The following AWS products were developed using the three different categories of cloud services:

• Computing: Elastic Beanstalk, Lambda, Auto-Scaling, and Lightsat are some examples.
• Storage: Elastic File System, S3, Glacier, and Elastic Block Storage are some examples of storage.
• Networking: Route53, Amazon CloudFront, and VPC

2. How do the Availability Zone and Region relate to one another?

AWS regions, like the US-West 1 (North California) and Asia South, are distinct geographic regions (Mumbai). Availability zones, on the other hand, are the locations that are present inside the regions. These are often isolated zones that have the ability to duplicate themselves as needed.

3. Describe auto-scaling.

You can use the auto-scaling feature to provision and launch new instances as needed. In reaction to demand, you can automatically increase or decrease resource capacity.

4. What does CloudFront's geo-targeting entail?

Using the geo-targeting concept, businesses may show their audience tailored content based on their geographic location without changing the URL. This makes it simpler for you to produce content that is especially suited to a local audience's needs.

5. What actions comprise a CloudFormation Solution?

The steps of a CloudFormation solution are as follows:

• Using JSON or YAML format, create a CloudFormation template or use an existing one.
• Code should be saved in an S3 bucket, which acts as a code repository.
• To call the bucket and build a stack using your template, use AWS CloudFormation.
• The services are provisioned one at a time by CloudFormation after reading the file and comprehending the services that are called, their order, and the connections between the services.

6. How can a system be upgraded or downgraded with almost no downtime?

The following migration steps can be used to update or downgrade a system with almost little downtime:

• Dispatch EC2 console
• Opt for AMI Operating System
• Open a new instance of that instance type.
• Complete all the updates.
• Installing programs
• Check the instance to ensure it is operational.
• If successful, launch the new instance and retire the previous one.
• Upon deployment, the system can be upgraded or downgraded with almost-zero downtime. 

7. What are the methods and tools you may employ in AWS to determine whether you are overpaying and how to fix it?

By using the following resources, you can verify that you are paying the appropriate price for the resources you are utilizing:

• Examine Top Services.
• The cost management console's screen displays the top five services by usage. This will reveal how much money you are shelling out for the concerned supplies.

Cost Explorer

There are services called cost explorers that can assist you view and examining your consumption charges for the previous 13 months. A cost projection for the following three months is also available.

Budgets AWS

You can then prepare a budget for the services. Additionally, it will let you determine whether the current plan fits your spending limit and the specifics of how you utilize the services.

Tags for Cost Allocation These assist in determining the resource that has charged more during a specific month. To stay abreast of your AWS charges, it enables you to categorize your resources and expense allocation tags.

8. What alternative tools are available other than the console to log into the cloud environment?

The following are the alternatives other than console:

• Putty
• AWS CLI for Linux
• AWS CLI for Windows
• AWS CLI for Windows CMD
• AWS SDK
• Eclipse

9. What tools are available to build a centralized logging solution?

The most important tools you can utilize are listed below:

• Amazon CloudWatch Logs
• Amazon S3
• Amazon Elastic Search to display the data. 
• Amazon Kinesis Firehose.:The data can be used for transferring  Amazon S3 to Amazon ElasticSearch.

10. What native logging features does AWS Security offer?

AWS services majorly include logging alternatives. A few of them also feature account-level logging, such as AWS CloudTrail, AWS Config, and others. Let's focus especially on these two services:

CloudTrail by AWS

This is a service that offers a record of the AWS API calls for every account. It helps you undertake security analysis, monitoring of resource change, and compliance auditing of your AWS environment as well. The best feature of this service is that you can set it up to notify you via AWS SNS when new logs are received.

AWS Config

This aid in comprehending the changes in the configuration that occurs in your environment. This service offers an AWS inventory that includes relationships between AWS resources, configuration history, and notification of configuration changes. When fresh logs are received, they can also be configured to disseminate information via AWS SNS.

11. What exactly is a DDoS assault, and which services help reduce them?

A DDoS attack involves accessing a website and setting up several sessions in order to prevent other authorized users from using the service. The following are the native tools that can aid you in shutting off DDoS attacks against your AWS services:

• AWS Shield
• AWS WAF
• Amazon Route53
• Amazon CloudFront
• ELB
• VPC

12. How do you set up a system to monitor website metrics in real time in AWS?

You may monitor the status of numerous AWS services and custom events with the aid of Amazon CloudWatch. It helps you to monitor:

• State Changes occurring in Amazon EC2's state
• scalability of lifecycle events
• Scheduled events
• AWS API requests
• Console Sign-in Events

13. What are the various forms of virtualization available through AWS, and how do they differ from one another?

In AWS, there are three main categories of virtualization:

Equipment Virtual Machine (HVM)

All of the virtual computers on this completely virtualized hardware function independently of one another. The root block device of your image contains a master boot record that is executed to start these virtual machines.

Paravirtualization (PV)

The PV AMIs are started by the bootloader Paravirtualization-GRUB. The menu-specified kernel is loaded by the PV-GRUB chain.

Operating systems can benefit from the storage and network I/O made available by the host thanks to paravirtualization on HVM (PV on HVM).

14. Give some none region-specific AWS services

Some of the AWS services that are not region-specific are:

• IAM
• Web Application Firewall
• Cloudfront
• Route 53

15. You are attempting to offer a service in a specific area, but you cannot find the service there. What is the cause and solution for this?

Not every location has access to every Amazon AWS service. When Amazon first introduces a new service, not all regions received it right away. They begin modestly and then spread to other areas. Therefore, if a certain service is missing from your region, it probably hasn't yet been published there. However, you can change to the closest region that offers the services if you want to use the service that is not currently offered.

16. Describe a few features of CloudWatch.

The following characteristics of the Amazon CloudWatch:

• It plays a part in setting off alarms based on various criteria.
• It aids in monitoring the various AWS environments, including -Amazon SQS, CPU usage, Load Balancer, SNS, EC2,  S3, Amazon RDS instances, etc.

17. Describe an Elastic Transcoder.

We must modify the video's resolution and format in order to support a wide range of devices with different resolutions, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The Elastic Transcoder, an AWS Service utility that allows for media transcoding in the cloud and precisely enables us to carry out the necessary tasks, makes it simple to accomplish this. It is affordable, practical, and incredibly scalable for companies and developers.

18. Describe Amazon EC2.

Elastic Compute Cloud, also known as EC2, offers scalable computing power. Utilizing Amazon EC2 frees up funds for hardware purchases, allowing for quicker application development and deployment. You can launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, set up networking and security settings, and control storage using Amazon EC2. It eliminates the need to forecast traffic because it may be scaled up or down to suit changes in requirements. "Instances," or virtual computing environments, are offered by EC2.

19. What Are a Few of the Amazon EC2 Security Best Practices?

Utilizing Identity and Access Management (IAM) to manage access to AWS resources, limiting access by allowing only trusted hosts or networks to access ports on instances, only granting the permissions you need, and disabling password-based logins for instances started from your AMI are some security best practices for Amazon EC2.

20. Can S3 be utilized with EC2 Instances, if possible, explain the procedure.

Amazon S3 is employable for instances with root devices supported by storage local instances. Developers will then have access to the same highly scalable, dependable, quick, and affordable data storage system that Amazon employs to power its own worldwide network of websites. Developers put Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) into Amazon S3 and then transfer them between Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2 to run systems in the Amazon EC2 environment.

21. What are the various EC2 instance kinds based on their prices?

There are three different EC2 instance types based on their costs:

• On-demand Instance: When used for a short period of time, it is inexpensive, but not over time.
• Spot Instance: It can be purchased through bidding and is less expensive than the on-demand instance.
• Reserved Instance: This is the best instance for you if you intend to use it for a year or longer.

22. How can SSH agent forwarding be configured so that you don't need to copy the key each time you log in?

You can go about it following the steps given below:

• Go to PuTTY configuration
• Go to Category SSH- > Auth
• Enable SSH agent forwarding for your instance in the category SSH.

23. What exactly are the operating systems Solaris and AIX? Are they accessible through AWS?

The SPARC processor architecture used by the operating system Solaris is not yet supported by the public cloud.

Because AIX operates exclusively on Power CPUs and not Intel processors, you cannot launch AIX instances in EC2.

Both operating systems are not currently compatible with AWS because they each have their own drawbacks.

24. How is CloudWatch set up to restore an EC2 instance?

You can configure them as follows:

• Utilizing Amazon CloudWatch, set an alarm
• Go to the Define Alarm -> Actions tab of the Alarm.
• Select the option- recover this instance.

25. What are the typical AMI design types?

There are many different kinds of AMIs, but some of the most typical ones include:

• Fully baked AMI
• Just enough baked AMI (JeOS AMI)
• Hybrid AMI

26. What are AWS Key-Pairs stand for?

The Amazon EC2 instances are connected using the Key-Pairs, which are password-protected login credentials for the virtual machines. The Key-Pairs, which enable us to connect to the instances, are composed of a Private Key and a Public Key.

AWS Architect Interview questions and answers based on S3

27. Define Amazon S3

The most widely used storage platform is Amazon S3, often known as S3. S3 stands for Simple Storage Service. Any quantity of data may be stored and retrieved from anywhere with S3, an object storage system. Despite its versatility, it is practically limitless and inexpensive because it is storage that is accessible when needed. It also provides previously unheard-of levels of availability and durability in addition to these advantages. Data management for cost reduction, access restriction, and compliance is aided by Amazon S3.

28. How do you log in or recover from a lost key on an EC2 instance?

If you lose the key, adhere to the instructions below to recover an EC2 instance:

• Check to see if the EC2Config service is active.
• Remove the instance's root volume.
• the volume should be connected to a temporary instance.
• Make configuration file changes.
• Relaunch the initial instance.

29. What key distinctions exist between AWS S3 and EBS?

AWS S3 and EBS differ in the following ways.

Paradigm: 

• AWS S3 - Object Store
• EBS- File System

Performance

• S3- Fast
• EBS- Superfast

Redundancy

• S3- Across data centers
• EBS- Only within a particular data center

Security

• S3- Utilizing Public or Private Key
• EBS- Applicable only with EC2

30. How do you give a user access to a particular bucket?

To grant access, you must take the four procedures listed below. As follows:

• Sort your cases into categories
• Specify who has access to manage which servers.
• Secure your tags.
• Your policies must be affixed to IAM users.

31. Describe SnowBall.

A simple program named SnowBall is used to move gigabytes of data both inside and outside the AWS environment.

• Using SnowBall, data can be sent in the following ways:
• The creation of a job.
• The application SnowBall is linked.
• The information is transferred into the SnowBall program.
• Then, data is transferred to the AWS S3.

Top AWS Architect Interview Questions and Answers based on VPC

32. What is the purpose of using Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

The ideal way to connect from your local data center to your cloud resources is through a VPC. Each of your instances is given a private IP address that may be accessible from your data center after your data center is connected to the VPC where it is located. In this manner, you can use the resources on your public cloud as if they were on your personal network.

33. In the event of the server not being resolved by VPC using DNS. What can be the issue? explain the method to it.

You must allow DNS hostname resolution to remedy this issue so that it automatically resolves.

34. What security features and products are offered by VPC, and what are their names?

Here is a list of security features and goods:

• Security groups - This controls inbound and outgoing traffic at the instance level for EC2 instances, acting as a firewall.
• Network access control lists – They serve as a subnet-level firewall, regulating inbound and outbound traffic.
• Flow Logs: The inbound and outbound traffic from the network interfaces in your VPC is recorded in flow logs.

35. How is Amazon VPC monitored?

VPC can be observed using:

• CloudWatch as well as its logs
• Flow Logs VPC

36. How many subnets can a VPC support?

There are 200 Subnets we can have each Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Top AWS Architect Interview Questions and Answers General Conceptual Questions

37. When do you prefer standard RDS storage over-provisioned IOPS?

When you have workloads that are batch-oriented, you would employ provisioned IOPS. Substantial IO rates are delivered using provisioned IOPS, but the cost is high. Workloads for batch processing, however, do not need manual involvement.

38. What Distinctions Exist Between Amazon Rds, Dynamodb, and Redshift?

A relational database management service is called Amazon RDS. It automatically handles patching, upgrading, and data backups. It is a database management service that is restricted to structured data. While dealing with unstructured data, DynamoDB is a NoSQL database service. Redshift is a product from a data warehouse used for data analysis.

39. What Advantages Does AWS' Disaster Recovery Offer?

Businesses employ cloud computing in part to facilitate quicker IT system recovery after a disaster without incurring additional costs for a second physical location. The AWS cloud provides a wide range of well-liked disaster recovery architectures, from settings that permit rapid failover at scale to environments that handle minor client workload data center outages. AWS offers a suite of cloud-based disaster recovery services that enable quick recovery of your IT infrastructure and data, and it has data centers all around the world.

40. What things need to be taken into account before moving to Amazon Web Services?

Here are some things to think about before moving to AWS:

Costs associated with operations include the price of infrastructure, the capacity to balance supply and demand, transparency, and other factors.

• Employment Productivity
• Cost reduction
• operational toughness
• Business nimbleness

41. In AWS, what do RTO and RPO mean?

The Recovery Time Objective, or RTO, is the longest period of time your company or organization is willing to wait for a recovery to be finished following an outage. RPO, or Recovery Point Objective, on the other hand, is the highest amount of data loss that your business is ready to take as measured in time.

42. Which among Snowball, Snowball Edge, and Snowmobile is the best choice if you need to move a lot of data?

To move large amounts of data into and out of a certain AWS region, AWS Snowball essentially acts as a data transit solution. AWS Snowball Edge, on the other hand, adds extra computational capabilities in addition to offering a data transfer option. You can move up to 100 PB of data with the exabyte-scale migration service called snowmobiling.

43. What exactly are T2 instances?

The T2 Instances are designed to give the CPU a moderate baseline performance as well as the potential to burst to a greater performance when needed by the workload.

The T2 instances are cheap and are of the General Purpose instance type. They are typically employed in situations where CPU usage is inconsistent or infrequent for workloads. 

44. What benefits does AWS IAM offer?

An administrator can grant granular access to a number of users and groups using AWS IAM. The numerous materials that have been generated may need to be accessible to different user groups and users at different levels. Using IAM, we can establish roles with certain access levels and assign roles to people. Additionally, it provides Federated Access, which enables us to grant access to resources to users' applications without having to first construct IAM Roles.

45. Description of Connection Draining

AWS's Connection Draining feature enables us to handle current requests on servers that are being modified or decommissioned. By activating this Connection Draining, we allow the Load Balancer to wait a certain amount of time before providing an outgoing instance any new requests in order to force it to complete its ongoing demands. If Connection Draining is not enabled, an instance will immediately terminate and all pending requests will be unsuccessful.

46. What does AWS's "Power User Access" mean?

The owner of an AWS resource is the same as an administrator user. The Administrator User has access to create, modify, delete, and inspect resources in addition to granting other AWS users access. A Power User is given Administrator Access, but not the authority to manage users and permissions. Although they are not able to grant access to other users, users with Power User Access can change, delete, view, and create resources.

AWS architect interview questions based on Cloud Formation

47. What distinguishes AWS CloudFormation from AWS Elastic Beanstalk?

The following are some distinctions between AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS CloudFormation:

You may provide and define all of the infrastructure resources that are present in your cloud environment with the aid of AWS CloudFormation. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, on the other hand, offers a setting that makes it simple to deploy and run applications in the cloud.

The infrastructure requirements of numerous application types, including legacy applications and current enterprise apps, are supported by AWS CloudFormation. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, on the other hand, works in conjunction with developer tools to support you in managing the lifespan of your applications.

48. What transpires if a resource in a stack cannot be effectively created?

The CloudFormation automatically rolls back and terminates all resources generated using the CloudFormation template if the resource in the stack cannot be created. When you mistakenly go over your allotted number of elastic IP addresses or don't have access to an EC2 AMI, this capability comes in useful.

49. Can you name the components of the AWS CloudFormation template?

AWS CloudFormation templates are text files with YAML or JSON formatting that contain the following five components:

• Template specifications
• Output values
• Data Tables 
• Resources
• File format version

50. What distinguishes stopping an EC2 instance from terminating one?

There is a distinction between stopping and terminating, despite what you may believe. When you terminate an EC2 instance, it shuts down normally and enters a paused state. The EBS volumes attached to the instance are removed and are not recoverable when you terminate it; instead, it is put into a paused state.

Those are just a few examples of what you can encounter when interviewing in the AWS area the above AWS architect interview questions and answers. These questions and answers will give you a decent notion of the scope of the AWS domain.

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